The Castle of Otranto Free Essays

string(126) " little disappointed as she thinks that Isabella would confess anything to her but she had never mentioned the young peasant\." In â€Å"The Castle Of Otranto† begins as Conrad, son of Manfred of the house of Otranto, is crushed by a giant helmet on this weeding day, also hhis birthday. Manfred, having no other male heir, decides to divorce his wfe and marry his son’s wife, Isabella, himself. Manfred’s union is disrupted by a series of supernatural events involving ghost, mysterious blood, and a true prince. We will write a custom essay sample on The Castle of Otranto or any similar topic only for you Order Now Man, prince of Otranto, is impatient about marrying his son conrad a â€Å"homely youth, sickly, and of no promising disposition† (Walpole 17) to the marquis of Vicenza’s daughter Isabella.Hippolita, Manfred’s wife, is worried about marrying the young prince off so early (he is only 15), but her husband ignores her concern, only pointing to â€Å"her own sterility, who had given him but on heir† (Walpole 17). Manfred seemed quite reckless about the wedding, probably because of his â€Å"dread of seeing accomplished an ancient prophecy† (Walpole 17). The wedding ceremony was fixed for Conrad’s birthday. However, when everything is ready for the â€Å"divine† office†, Conrad is missing. Manfred sent a servant to look for his son, but the servant returned breathless, his eyes staring, and foaming at the mouth telling him about a giant helmet in the court. When Manfred reached the helmet, â€Å"an hundred times more large than any casque ever made for human being, and shaded with a equal quantity of black feathers† (Walpole 18). However, Manfred seemed more concerned mabout the helmet than about his son’s death.While Hippolita and Conrad’s eighteen year old sister, Matilda mourn the death of their son/brother, and Isabella although not sad about the loss of her future husband, for whom she had had little affection joins in their grief. Manfred’s only concern was the casque in the court. A young peasant appeared and realized a strong resemblance between the casque and that of the black marble figure of Alfonso the Good, one of the former princes, in the church of St. Nicholas. Manfred became furious about this statement.But before he could punish the yound peasant, some spectators came back from the church to which they had ran and informed Manfred that the statue’s helmet is missing. Manfred accused the peasant of a being a witch and gave orders to imprison him without food underneath the casque in the court. He then locked the gates of the castle and retires to his chamber. Meanwhile, Hippolita is worried about Manfred and sent Matilda to see to him. But Manfred told Matilda that does not want a daughter and sent her away. The girl, deeply hurt, returned to her mother and told her that her husband is well to calm her down. A servant appeared, informing Isabella that Manfred wants to see her. Obeying, Isabella goes to see Manfred. It is now evening, and the sevant accompanying her is carrying a torch. However, when they reached Manfred’s chamber, he ordered the servant to take away the light and sent him off. He then tells Isabella about the importance of keeping up his line, cursing Hippolita for her â€Å"unfruitfulness† (Walpole 24) and therefore having decided to divorce her, and offers himself as Isabella’s new husband now that his son has died. Isabella is terrified and starts from him.Manfred rises to pursue her, but suddenly sees â€Å"the plumes of the fatal helmet† at the window. Shortly after, the portrait of his grandfather exposed a deep sigh, which distracted Manfred for a moment. Isabella saw her chance and escapes, while the portrait quits its panel. Manfred was asked to follow the painting to a chamber into which it enters, but before Manfred could enter, the door closes. He then decides to pursue Isabella, who has meanwhile escaped into a underground vault that leads to the church and convent of St. Nicholas.In the labyrinth, she encounters the yound peasant, who then helps her escape through a secret trap door before Manfred, whom they can already hear, reaches them. When he does, the peasant had to explain how he could escape from the helmet-prison and Manfred also questioned the yuouth about Isabella. The peasant pretended to not know anything about her, trying to win time for Isabella’s flight. While the two are discussing, two servants come and tell Manfred that while they were trying to find Isabella in the great gallery, they saw the limbs of a giant in armor in a chamber close by.Manfred is determined to find out more about these strange events, and the peasant offers his help. Suspecting that Isabella might be hiding in his wife’s chamber, Manfred goes there first and then tells Hippolita to call the chaplain. He then continues his search. When he returns from the cault, he finds Hippolita and the chaplain, who tell him that they have examined the chamber and found nothing. Manfred once againdecides that he must marry Isabella and, having given orders to guard the castle, and having locked the peasant in a room, he retires to his chamber. Matilda has retired to her apartment and is now waiting for the return of her maiden Bianca, who she had sent to examine about Isabella’s whereabouts. The two discuss Matilda’s attitude towards men and her plan to join a monastery. Bianca wans her mistress to get married instead, and Matilda admits that she has always been very fond of Alfonso the Good’s picutre and that she believes that somehow her desiny is linked to him. They also talk about some fatal secret that Hippolita is obviously keeping.Soon, the two women begin to hear strange noises coming from the chamber beneath, and Bianca immediately believes that it must be a ghost; that the castle is certainly haunted. However, they found out that it is the yound peasant who is causing the noise. Through Matilda’s open window, she began to talk with the youth, who investigate about Isabella and what has became of her. The two women suspected that hu must be in love with her, and Matilda is a little disappointed as she thinks that Isabella would confess anything to her but she had never mentioned the young peasant. You read "The Castle of Otranto" in category "Papers"Before they could learn more from the peasant, a servant suddenly appeared and informed the two women that Isabella has been found in the monastery of St. Nicholas. Meanwhile, Manfred is at Hippolita’s apartment to find out more about Isabella’s whereabouts. Father Jerome comes to the apartment to talk to Manfred and Hipplita about Isabella; he wants to ask Hippolia whether she knows the cause of Isabella’s retirement to the monastery. Before she can answer, however, Manfred interrupts the father, eagerly trying to avoid his telling Hipplita of the circumstances.Father Jerome nevertheless gives an account of Isabella’s story and askes that they leave her at peace. Once again, he begins to hint at details concerning Isabella, but Manfred again interrupts him and Hippolita, realizing that Manfred does not want her to hear the father’s words, leaves. Manfred then tries to convince Father Jerome that he must have an heir and then asks the priest to persuade Isabella to marry him. To get Father Jerome on his side, Manfred even hints at an unlawful marriage between Hippolita and himself, telling the father that Hippolita is actually related to him in the fourth degree.Father Jeome is now unsure what to do and tries to win time. Manfred then asks Jerome who the youth is, whether he is Isabella’s lover and Jerome, thinking that this might help Isabella, affirms Manfred’s assumption. At this, Manfred becomes furious. He ordered the peasant to be brought before him and begins to interrogate him about his connection with Isabella. During this interrogation, Matilda and Bianca are on their way toHippolita’s apartment. They overdear the men’s conversation and suddenly realize a strong resemblance between the peasant whose name is Theodore and the picture of Alfonso.When Manfred utters the verdict (Theodore is to beheaded), Matilda faints and Bianca exclaims that the princess is dead. Matilda is carried away and Manfred ordered Theodore to kneel down to receive his punishment. Theodore asked to be allowed to confess to someone and Manfred grants his wish, calling Father Jerome, hoping to find out more about the youth that way. Father Jerome tries to convince Manfred to spare the youth, but Manfred is determined to have him beheaded. As theodore kneels down to receive his punishment, his shirt slips down and discovers the â€Å"mark of a bloody arrow † (Walpole 51). Suddenly, Jerome recognizes the mark and realizes that Theodore is his son. Father Jerome tells the story and reveals that he is in fact that count of Falconara (Sicily). He begs for Theodore’s life and Manfred said that he will give the boy’s life in return for Isabella. Theodore and Father Jerome object, wanting to save Isabella. Before anything is decided, a trumpet is heard, announcing someone at the gate. At the same time, the sable plumes on the helmet in the court begin to nod â€Å"thrice, as if bowed by some invisible wearer† (Walpole 53).Manfred is terrified at these events and begs Father Jerome to see who is at the gate. The priest told Manfred to release Theodore first, then he will do as he wishes. Manfred agrees. It is a herald from the knight of the gigantic blade and he had wished to speak with the leader of Otranto. At Father Jerome’s account and the word â€Å"usurper†, Manfred’s rage rekindles and he decides to meet the herald himaelf, and ordered the priest to bring Isabella from the convent. He takes Theodore hostage to assure that the friar will do as he is told.Manfred admits the herald to his presence, who told Manfred that, in the name of his lord Fredric Marquis of Bicenza, the knight of the gigatic sword â€Å"demands the lady Isabella, daughter of that price, whom thou hasely and traitorously got into thy power, by bribing her false guardians during his absence: and he requires thee to resign the principality of Otranto, which thou hast usurped from the said lord Frederic, the nerest of blood to the last rightful lord Alfonso the Good† (Walpole 55). Other wise he will challenge him in combat to the last termination. Manfred reflects about his state: â€Å"Frederic’s ancestors had assumed the style of princes of Otranto, from the death of Alfonso the Good without issue: but Manfred, his father, and grandfather, had been too powerful for the house of Vicenza to dispossess them. Frederic had married a beautiful young lady,who had died in childbed of Isabella. Her death affected him so much, that he had taken the cross and gone to the Holy Land, where he was wounded in an engagement against the infidels, made prisoner, and reported to be dead.When the news reached Manfred’s ears, hebribed the guardians of the lady Isabella to deliver her up to him as a bride for his son Conrad; by which alliance he had purposed to unite the claims of the two house† (Walpole 56). This motive had also given him the idea to marry Isabella himself now; and he then wanted to obtain Frederic’s acceptance to this marriage. He then invites the knight to the castle. Meanwhile, Father Jerome is sti ll agitated and does not know what to do. He retured to the temple where he is then informed that apparently Hippolita is dead. Father Jerome asked where Isabella was and was told that she retired to her chamber. However, when he reached the chamber, Isabella is nowhere to be found. Father Jerome decided to return to Manfred to convince him of his innocence. Manfred is welcoming the knight and his team, which is carrying an enormous sword. Again, the feathers on the helmet in the court are agitated. Manfred tried several times to get the knight to disarm and to speak but the knight refused. Suddenly, the gigantic sword falls to the ground, next to the helmet, and is now immovable. Manfred fears for his fate. Having reached the hall, Manfred again asked numerous questions but does not receive any answers. Then, Manfred began to talk, soon turning to business. He defends his right to the throne, but the knight only shakes his head. Manfred then told the knight that his son has died and that Isabella is therefore at liberty. He goes on, telling that his marriage to Hippolita is unlawful and that he will soon be freed from this relationship. He emphazized his determination to restore the line of Alfonso and therefore suggests that it would be best if he and Isabella got married. At this moment, Father Jerome and his company arrived and uncovered to the strangers the truth about Isabella’s flight. Theknight repoached Manfred and asked him about the circumstances. Manfred made up a story and Father Jerome is too worried about his son’s life to contradict. However, onw of his brethren explains what happend, and the group moves off in search of Isabella.At the same time, Matilda grabbed the chance and frees the peasant, as all servants and guards are involved int he search for Isabella. In the courese of their interview, Theodore and Matilda discovered their affection for each other, but Matilda reminds the peasant of Isabella. Theodore, however, does not know who she is talking about; he had assumed that it was Matilda whom he had assisted in the vault. Matilda supplied Theodore with her father’s armory and, exchanging expressions of affection once more, helped him escape.Theodore went to a cave in the forest where he suddenly meets Isabella, who is hiding there. Revealing to her that he is on her side, he promised to protect her from Manfred. At this moment, a person in search of Isabella arrived and Theodore wants to prevent him from entering the cave. He found the knight talking to a peasant outside the cave. The two engage in combat and Theodore wounds the knight. Soon, however, the two men discovered thir error. They both are enemies of Manfred. The knight asked for Isaabella, and whern she arrives, he informed her that he was Frederic, her father.They carried Frederic to the castle to take of his injuries. The troop arrived at the castle and was met by Matilda and Hippolita, who gave orders to take care of Frederic’s wounds. Isabella realized that Theodore and Matilda have affections for one another. Frederic informed Hippolita and the others of his story. That while being imprisoned, he had a dream about Isabella being in danger. Fortunately, the confederate princfes paid his ransom and he immediately set out for the wood he had seen in his dream. There, he encountered a hermit who told him about a secret: How to cite The Castle of Otranto, Papers

Writing Fiction an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Writing Fiction For some people, people who do not necessarily claims themselves to be writers, writing can be quite difficult; particularly, when they are asked to conjure up a five to six page story in a short matter of days. Unlike the gifted few, who see the keyboard, as the tool in constructing their story, others struggle, wrestling between ideas, characters, settings, plot, motif, and climax. Then there are those, who simply choose to look to their everyday lives for inspiration (after all, one writes best when they write what they know), a practice that Anne Lamont encourages all writers to employ into their own writing. Need essay sample on "Writing Fiction" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In her book, Bird by Bird, Lamont suggests that all writers carry a pad of index cards and whenever an idea comes immediately write it down, or if a person observes an event they might later find to be interesting write it down. In other words, Lamont suggests that the inspirational is found in the common activities of everyday, but it is in the perception of these activities that a story can develop, and it is best to carry on one's person a pen and paper at all times so that the idea (s) stay fresh, and aren't forgotten. Therefore if all writers took Lamont's advice, each person would have written multiple times without even calling themselves a writer. It is in this thought and philosophy of Lamont that I have written my own five-six page story. University Students Frequently Tell EssayLab writers: I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I don't have the time Professional writers propose: It Is Very Easy And Convenient To Buy Essays Online Custom Essay Order Review Essay Review Service Cheap Essays Not Plagiarized Best Essay Writing Service Reviews As suggested, I carried around a pen and paper with me for days, or weeks, and wrote down everything I found interesting. Thus, inspiration came to me from the most mundane places such as conversations with friends, tv commercials, observing people in their everyday lives. After having written down what I saw to be interesting from the banal world, it was much easier to develop not only my characters Serene and Tina but to also build up their conversation and interaction based on my own observations as well as involvement in the lives of the people closest to me. Since Lamont said to write what one knows I felt it necessary to build Serene's character on my own idea of myself since there was no one else in the world whom I knew better. Thus, although Serene is a fictional character she is based largely upon myself. For the character of Tina, while I do not have a cousin by this name, I do have family relations (not surprising I do not get along with all of them) and thus Tina in my story is a conglomeration of bad relations I have with many of my cousins, at one point in time or another. I did feel it necessary to keep the narrative style of the piece in a third person point of view so that the audience felt that there was no bias in presenting these two characters, as Lamont as Joseph Kelly state, a reader is interested in the truth of a situation and although I know the truth can come to be from fiction through the first person narrative I felt that the third person narrative was more reliable and thus a rapport could be formed from the start with the reader since the story is so short, and a quick bonding would be necessary if the reader was going to have an emotional investment in the character's lives. As an amateur writer, Lamont's advice allowed me to consider several different plots for my omnipresent narrator to where I wanted to incorporate all the different themes and events into my story. At first I began writing freely, different scenes where my narrator was experiencing some of the same incidents and feelings that I did. Before I realized it, my thoughts and emotions were being manifested through my protagonist. As Joseph Kelly puts it, my protagonist became a projection, a projection of myself and what I observed as my friend experienced the event in which I write about. Thus, the relationship between writer and character is a bit blurred. However, thanks to understanding that writer allows a version of the truth to be told, I felt it necessary to continue my character's development in this fashion in order to find out where she, and I would end up at the climax of the story. Most short stories are written at a point of change in a person's life, and this change often times forces that person to come to a critical point in their lives to re-examine things and to find out their true identity. Perhaps because I felt so close to the protagonist I wanted to put her in a situation where she would be forced to encounter certain aspects of her personality she may not be comfortable with, which would in turn be a reflection of me. This also is backed up by Joseph Kelly's philosophy on writing. What I found to be easiest in writing this story with the guidance of Lamont and Kelly was the dialogue. The dialogue was short and to the point, and it always had a location in it (mainly around a table or food, which is a big indicator of my culture). The dialogue was at times jesting, and mostly it was the tension in the words, how they were spoken and the situation in which they were spoken, which I found alluring about this assignment. The contrary natures of the cousins, and the way in which they converse with each other was a main point of interest in the story and it allowed the plot to move forward because it made the reader think: will there be reconciliation, will there be a fight, ostracizing, or even a scandal from which the family will not revive itself? Thus, the dialogue aided the narration of the story because it forced the reader to think about the progression of these two characters, Serene and Tina. In fact the dialogue and the heat, tension, and general feelings of anger and resentment are prominent in my story. The narration adds to this because it allows the reader to know everyone's reactions and inner feelings during these dialogues which would not be possible if it had been written in first person, in which the reader would only know the protagonist's point of view and no one else's feelings except in them being perceived by the narrator. Thus, when Tina confronts Dr. Silva or Mike in his office about the Paris trip, because of the narration the reader is allowed to see Dr. Silva's anger toward the prospect of Tina being included in the trip, and his fury at Serene not telling him, as well as Tina's shock by Dr. Silva's response to her being at his office and telling him she's coming to Paris with her cousin. Thus, the reader knows that Mike is frustrated at the prospect of not being alone with Serene an the progression of the plot manifests itself because now the reader k nows that Mike had ulterior motives for inviting Serene to Paris because Tina going as well disrupts those plans, thus his anger. This third person narrative allows the reader to further see that Mike Silva's composure crumbles in Paris when most of his plans are thwarted by the presence of Tina and not getting conjoining rooms at the hotel. The choice of third person narrative in my short story permitted me to re-examine certain aspects of my own character. As both Lamont and Kelly state, when a writer writes the truth, often times they are shocked to discover that their writing has revealed to them a hidden truth about themselves. This is true in my writing this story. The pressures of family, or irritating cousins and misinterpretations were my own self discovery in writing this story. With these two protagonist cousins I discovered a new aspect of myself. In narrating this story in the third person I found that change is possible, for the characters in my story and that real life reconciliation with family members can occur, even without a climax in the story as is sometimes necessary in fiction. Bibliography Kelly, Joseph. (2005). "The Seagull Reader". W.W. Norton &Company. New York. Lamont, Anne. (1995). "Bird by Bird". Anchor. New York.

Professional Letter Writing

Professional Letter Writing When you learn the basics of professional letter writing, you will soon notice that you have a skill that many business people do not have. Professional letter writing is just as important into today’s society as it was when guidelines for this standard of writing were set. This article outlines some tips that will help you to write effective and professional letters to your clients, other business, and your affiliates. Beginning a Professional Letter Professional letter writing begins with a proper greeting to your intended reader. It is important to address a person correctly when writing a letter. How you begin your letter sets the stage for how your reader will accept the letter. For instance, if you start a letter with â€Å"Hey there,† the person reading the letter will not be enthusiastic to read the rest of the letter because they feel unappreciated. On the other hand, if you begin your letter with, â€Å"Dear Mrs. Smith,† the reader will know that you have acknowledged them personally. Here are examples for opening a professional letter: Dear Ms. Smith: If you do not know if the reader is married or not Dear Mrs. Smith: If you are sure the lady reader is married Dear Mr. Smith: For any male whether married or not Dear Dr. Smith: If the reader hold this degree, whether they are male or female To Whom It May Concern: If you do not know if the letter is going to be read by a male or female The Body of the Letter The body of your letter is extremely important because this is where you convey your thoughts. Professional letter writing demands that you use grammatically correct sentences and that your spelling is impeccable. Be sure to use the spell check function on your word processor before sending off a letter to someone. Your thoughts must be organized and flow smoothly in your letter. If a letter is hard for the reader to understand, they may ignore the letter or simply toss it aside for another time. If possible, each point or new discussion in your letter should begin a new paragraph. Closing a Professional Letter Professional letter writing begins with an appropriate beginning, and, thus, must end with an appropriate closing. There are many options for how you choose to end your letter, but the main thing to remember is the right way to write out a closing. Take a look at these examples: Sincerely yours, Best regards, Yours truly, Best wishes, Do you notice any similarities in these four examples? The first word is capitalized, while the second word is not. This is the correct way to end a letter. Do not capitalize both words. A closing statement should feel comfortable to you, or go with the flow of your letter. In professional letter writing, the term â€Å"Sincerely yours,† and â€Å"Best regards,† are more suited when you do not personally the person that you wrote. The other two examples would make good closing statements for a friend or colleague. Professional letter writing becomes easier the more you practice using it, and it should become a habit, if you are serious about how you present yourself to others.

The Basics of Chinese New Year

The Basics of Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is the most important festival in Chinese culture. It is celebrated on the new moon of the first month according to the lunar calendar and is a time for family reunions and scrumptious feasts. While Chinese New Year is celebrated in Asian countries like China and Singapore, it is also celebrated in Chinatowns spanning New York City to San Francisco. Take the time to learn about traditions and how to wish others a happy new year in Chinese so that you can also partake in Chinese New Year festivities wherever you are in the world. How Long Is Chinese New Year? Chinese New Year traditionally lasts from the first day to the 15th day of the New Year (which is the Lantern Festival), but the demands of modern life mean that most people don’t get such an extended holiday. Still, the first five days of the New Year are an official holiday in Taiwan, while workers in Mainland China and Singapore get at least 2 or 3 days off. Home Decor A chance to leave the problems of the previous year behind, it is important to start the New Year fresh. This means cleaning up the house and buying new clothes. Homes are decorated with red paper banners which have auspicious couplets written on them. These are hung around doorways and are intended to bring luck to the household for the coming year. Red is an important color in Chinese culture, symbolizing prosperity. Many people will wear red clothing during the New Year celebrations, and houses will have many red decorations such as Chinese knotwork. Red Envelopes Red envelopes (ââ€" ºhà ³ng bÄ o) are given to children and unmarried adults. Married couples also give red envelopes to their parents. The envelopes contain money. The money must be in new bills, and the total amount must be an even number. Certain numbers (such as four) are bad luck, so the total amount should not be one of these unlucky numbers. â€Å"Four† is a homonym for â€Å"death†, so a red envelope should never contain $4, $40, or $400. Fireworks Evil spirits are said to be driven away by loud noise, so Chinese New Year is a very loud celebration. Long strings of firecrackers are set off throughout the holiday, and there are many displays of fireworks lighting up the evening skies. Some countries such as Singapore and Malaysia restrict the use of fireworks, but Taiwan and Mainland China still allow the nearly unrestricted use of firecrackers and fireworks. Chinese Zodiac The Chinese zodiac cycles every 12 years, and each lunar year is named after an animal. For example:   Rooster: January 28, 2017 - February 18, 2018Dog : February 19, 2018 - February 04, 2019Pig: February 05, 2019 - January 24, 2020Rat: January 25, 2020 - February 11, 2021Ox: February 12, 2021 - January 31, 2022Tiger : February 1, 2022 - February 19, 2023Rabbit: February 20, 2023 - February 8, 2024Dragon: February 10, 2024 - January 28, 2025Snake: January 29, 2025 - February 16, 2026Horse: February 17, 2026 - February 5, 2027Sheep: February 6, 2027 - January 25, 2028Monkey: January 26, 2028 - February 12, 2029 How to Say Happy New Year in Mandarin Chinese There are many saying and greeting associated with the Chinese New Year. Family members, friends, and neighbors greet each other with congratulations and wishes for prosperity. The most common greeting is æâ€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¤ ¹ Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ ââ€" ºXÄ «n Nin Kui Là ¨; this phrase directly translates to â€Å"Happy  New Year.† Another common greeting is æ  ­Ã¥â€"Å"Ã¥ â€˜Ã¨ ´ ¢Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ ââ€" ºGÃ… ng XÇ  FÄ  Ci, which means Best wishes, wishing you prosperity and wealth. The phrase can also colloquially be shortened to just  Ã¦  ­Ã¥â€"Å" (gÃ… ng xÇ ). In order to get their red envelope, children have to bow to their relatives and recite æ  ­Ã¥â€"Å"Ã¥ â€˜Ã¨ ´ ¢Ã§ º ¢Ã¥Å'…æ‹ ¿Ã¦  ¥Ã‚  Ã¢â€" ºGÃ… ng xÇ  fÄ  ci, hà ³ng bÄ o n li. This means Best wishes for prosperity and wealth, give me a red envelope. Here is a list of Mandarin greetings and other phrases that are heard during the Chinese New Year. Audio files are marked with ââ€" º Pinyin Meaning Traditional Characters Simplified Characters ââ€" ºgÃ… ng xÇ  fÄ  ci Congratulations and Prosperity æ  ­Ã¥â€"Å"ç™ ¼Ã¨ ² ¡ æ  ­Ã¥â€"Å"Ã¥ â€˜Ã¨ ´ ¢ ââ€" ºxÄ «n nin kui là ¨ Happy New Year æâ€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¦ ¨â€š æâ€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¤ ¹  ââ€" ºguà ² nin Chinese New Year é Å½Ã¥ ¹ ´ è ¿â€¡Ã¥ ¹ ´ ââ€" ºsuà ¬ suà ¬ ping Ä n (Said if something breaks during New Year to ward off bad luck.) æ ­ ²Ã¦ ­ ²Ã¥ ¹ ³Ã¥ ®â€° Ã¥ ² Ã¥ ² Ã¥ ¹ ³Ã¥ ®â€° ââ€" ºnin nin yÇ’u yà º Wishing you prosperity every year. Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¦Å"‰é ¤Ëœ Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¦Å"‰é ¦â‚¬ ââ€" ºfng biÄ n po set off firecrackers æ” ¾Ã©Å¾ ­Ã§â€š ® æ” ¾Ã©Å¾ ­Ã§â€š ® ââ€" ºnin yà ¨ fn New Year’s Eve family dinner Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¤Å"é £ ¯ Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¤Å"é ¥ ­ ââ€" ºchà º jià ¹ bà ¹ xÄ «n Relace the old with the new (proverb) é™ ¤Ã¨Ë†Å Ã¤ ½Ë†Ã¦â€" ° é™ ¤Ã¦â€" §Ã¥ ¸Æ'æâ€" ° ââ€" ºbi nin pay a New Year’s visit æ‹Å"Ã¥ ¹ ´ æ‹Å"Ã¥ ¹ ´ ââ€" ºhà ³ng bÄ o Red Envelope ç ´â€¦Ã¥Å'… ç º ¢Ã¥Å'… ââ€" ºyÄ  suà ¬ qin money in the red envelope Ã¥ £â€œÃ¦ ­ ²Ã©Å' ¢ 压å ² Ã©â€™ ± ââ€" ºgÃ… ng hà ¨ xÄ «n xÇ  Happy New Year æ  ­Ã¨ ³â‚¬Ã¦â€" °Ã§ ¦ § æ  ­Ã¨ ´ ºÃ¦â€" °Ã§ ¦ § ââ€" º___ nin xà ­ng d yà ¹n Good luck for the year of the ____. ___Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ¡Å'Ã¥ ¤ §Ã© â€¹ ___Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ¡Å'Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¨ ¿  ââ€" ºtiÄ“ chÃ… «n lin red banners è ² ¼Ã¦Ëœ ¥Ã¨  ¯ è ´ ´Ã¦Ëœ ¥Ã¨ â€ ââ€" ºbn nin huà ² New Year shopping è ¾ ¦Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ² ¨ 办å ¹ ´Ã¨ ´ §

Exercise Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exercise Health - Essay Example Kumar et al in their book Pathologic basis of disease, refer to cardiovascular disease as the single greatest killer of humanity in industrialized nations, accounting for more than 5 million deaths per year. Sedentary living and the associated cardiorespiratory diseases are regarded by Bouchard and Blair as the major factors responsible for premature deaths in this century. Hypertension and obesity are the initial manifestations of disease as the body starts accumulating fats due to the lack of physical activity. Soon the blood vessels become clogged due to the deposition of fibrous plaques, leading to increased blood pressure. Canlas describes hypertension as the silent killer, because it causes extensive damage internally long before the external manifestations of the disease. It is therefore important to realize the importance of exercise and incorporate it in a daily routine to nip the problem in the bud. Fletcher et al in their statement on exercise state the fundamental role of physical activity to counter the cardiovascular accidents. According to them, exercise increases the functional capacity of the heart and reduces the myocardial oxygen demand. Exercise minimizes the chances of adverse cardiac events in normal population and in rehabilitation of patients who have survived a prior attack. Regular routine improves calcium deposition in bones, thereby increasing bone density and reducing the risk of bone break disease, osteoporosis. Siscovick et al highlight the importance of adopting a regular exercise routine in order to maintain the bone strength and flexibility especially after menopause. The effects of exercise on muscular system are evident as an improvement in endurance and power on account of resistance training. Bouchard et al propose a regular exercise routine because it ensures an adequate fat distribution over the body and the normal body mass index as well as counter the metabolic disturbances leading to the development of diabetes and abn ormal lipid profiles. Chesley et al highlight the effects of exercise when accompanied by adequate protein intake, as it helps shed excessive fat and shifts the muscle protein turn over towards the synthesis of new proteins resulting in increased lean muscle mass. As evident, the benefits of exercise are numerous and the risks are minor or limited to some exceptional cases. Care should be taken when designing the exercise plan for hypertensive people or the survivors of congestive cardiac failure as they have limited reserve of cardiac and respiratory functional capacity. Siscovick et al describe the benefits of starting from light aerobics and moving onto resistance training exercises as they prove beneficial in the long run, as manifested by increase in strength and endurance, and a lower level blood pressure. Bouchard et al also advocate this approach as a step to reduce the over all chances of recurrence of adverse cardiac events and support the fact that a carefully designed ex ercise regimen should dismisses the myth about exercise being dangerous for health. When talking about the sedentary life style in developed countries, the referred target population is the one with great jobs and the policy makers who employ masses for the tasks to be performed, while their own job is limited to sitting at the desk behind a screen to make and manage the policies and

Pharmacology (Drug Profile Midazolam) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Pharmacology (Drug Profile Midazolam) - Essay Example b) Oral administration is also done for short term treatment. This is done mainly for the insomnia patients. c) Midazolam is also indicted for the management of schizopernia. 3. Midazolam is found to interact with many drugs. The drug interaction is found to either increase the activity or decrease the activity of Midazoalm. The drug interaction occurs mainly with the antipsychotic medications, barbiturates, antibiotics and antifungal, cimetidine, Diltiazem, Narcotics, Seizure and Sleep medications, alcohol and antidepressant medicines such as Antipsychotic drugs include: Aripipraxole , asenapine, chlorpromazine, clozapine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, Iloperidone, loxapine, lurasidone, molindone, olanzapine, paliperidone and perphenazine and pimozide. Barbutarates include: Amobarbital, Butalbital, Pentobarbital and Secobarbital. Antibiotics such as Clarithomycin, Erythromycin, Isoniazid, Itraconazole , ketoconazole and Telithromycin. Narcotics such as morphine and oxycodone are used i n combination with Midazolam. (drugs.emedtv.com) The pharmacokinetic drug interactions are found to occur based on the enzymes involved in the metabolism. The drug interaction with the CNS depressants such as alcohols, opioids and barbiturates are found to have lethal, clinical and forensic consequences with midazolam. Many studies have found that this interaction results in death. (Mozayani and Raymon 2004). Similarly when analgesics are used along with the midazolam, they are found to have greater sedative effects. The gastrointestinal agents when combined with midazolam are found to increase the rate of absorption of the drug. Cimetidine when used along with Midazolam is found to increase the retention time of Midazolam in the body. Similarly the antifungal agents are also found to inhibit the movement of Midazolam from the body. 4. a) The mechanism of interaction of Midozolam is understood well. The main target of Midazolam is the GABAa receptor. This is an ionotropic receptor w ith gamma amino butyric acid as the endogenous ligand. When GABAa receptor is activated then it transmits Chloride ions through their pores and polarizes the neurons. This polarization results in the inhibition of the neurotransmission. The benzodiazepines binds to the receptor found between the alpha and gamma receptor subunits. The five subunits of GABA receptor are sensitive to benzodiazepine. When benzodiazepine binds to the alpha and the gamma subunits of the GABA receptor, and brings the receptor into its control. The binding brings out a change in the conformation of the GABA – alpha and makes them to open the chloride ion channel and this polarizes the membrane. This process inhibits the signal transduction pathway by arresting the GABA molecules and creating sedatory and anxiolytic effects to the human. (Sigel 2002). b. Midozolam is the substrate for the receptor GABA only. This is very specific in nature. It binds to the GABA receptors that are having only alpha and gamma subunits. The binding of benzodiazepine modifies the GABAs response by the receptor. As these receptors are found in the cerebral cortex region, limbic system, cerebellar cortex and spinal cord, its effect can be felt in many parts of the body. The two compartmental model enables the specificity of the molecule and increases the sensitivity. (Stoelting and Miller 2007) c.

Mad TV: The Impact of Televised Violence on America Essay -- Argumenta

Mad TV: The Impact of Televised Violence on America Everyone’s seen the classic cartoons. Wile E. Coyote chasing the Roadrunner around a bend, only the Roadrunner turns, but our comedic--and usually stupid--villain doesn’t. So, he falls from a height of what looks like about 500,000 feet, only to become a small puff of smoke at the bottom of the canyon. After all, if what happens to you when you fall from that height were to have happened to Mr. Coyote, that would have been a very short lived cartoon series. Maybe this example is an exaggeration, but the idea is the same: violence comes streaming into our homes every single day through our TVs not to be viewed, but to be devoured. It’s been proven that sex and violence sell. For those of us who can tell the difference between reality and fantasy, the effect of TV violence is miniscule. But for our children--who think when the Mighty Morphin’ Power Rangers come to the local shopping mall, that it’s the biggest event since Bert told Ernie he snores too loud--the violence seen on TV seems like a logical reaction to life’s problems. And that’s a problem within itself. The impact of televised violence on children is only a slice of the pie that is the problem with the endless stream of violent acts on TV. The controversy over whether or not violence portrayed on television actually affects children or not has been playing itself out for nearly three decades. When some of the first results came out in the 60s and 70s that made the first connections between aggressive behavior and viewing televised violence, the TV and movie industries denied that there was a connection. When studies found the same thing in the 80s, the FCC opposed any regulation (Hepburn). A writer for Direct Ma... .... Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1999. Hepburn, Mary A. "TV Violence! A Medium’s Effects Under Scrutiny." Social Education. Sept 1997: pp244-249. SIRS Researcher. Available <http://researcher.sirs.com/> Leo, John. "The Amount of Violence on Television Has Been Exaggerated." Media Violence: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1999. Levy, Steven. "Loitering on the Dark Side." Newsweek. 3 May 1999: p39 McLeod, Michael. Does TV Kill?. Production of Oregon Public Broadcasting for "Frontline". Videorecording. PBS Video, 1997. Posch, Robert. "What You do Emerges From Who You Are". Direct Marketing. July 1993: p43. EBSCO Host. Available <http://www.epnet.com/ehost/login.html> Schroeder, Ken. "TV Teaches Violence". Education Digest. Sept 1998: p74. EBSCO Host. Available <http://www.epnet.com/ehost/login.html>